CHINESE MIGRANTS: IDENTITIES CONVEYED IN REFRACTED DISCOURSE
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set 8, 2021
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This paper aimed at addressing the discursive representation of Chinese migrants, according to the perspective conveyed in narratives enunciated by Chinese migrants themselves and by Brazilians on Chinese migrants. For that, theoretical foundation on narrative analysis (LABOV; WALETSKY, 1997[1967]; LABOV, 1972), immigrant discourse (PASTOR; DE FINA, 2005) and critical perspective of Orientalism (SAID, 2003[1978]) was used. For the analysis, three narratives of interviews conducted during a PhD research were selected, enunciated by two Brazilians and one Chinese, all language teachers and living in Brazil at the time. The narratives were assessed based on a proposed macrodiscursive and microdiscursive analysis model of narratives derived from the discussion by Pastor and De Fina (2005). As a result, it was observed that identity perspectives enunciated by both Chinese and Brazilians are mostly arising from reflected and refracted discourse based on ingrained culture simulacrum, that is, stigmatized discourse on the Chinese population. Although the complexity inherent to linguistic interaction, particularly regarding intercultural entanglements, were not exhaustively discussed, it is hoped that this work may contribute to broaden understandings on identity aspects of intercultural nature.
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Como Citar
Peixoto, R. A. J. R. (2021). CHINESE MIGRANTS: IDENTITIES CONVEYED IN REFRACTED DISCOURSE. Caderno De Letras, (40), 303-324. https://doi.org/10.15210/cdl.v0i40.20726
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Referências
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REVUZ, C. A língua estrangeira entre o desejo de um outro lugar e o risco do exílio. In: SIGNORINI, I. (ed.). Língua(gem) e identidade. São Paulo: Mercado de Letras, 1998.
RICHARDS, K. Working towards common understanding: collaborative interaction in staffroom stories. Text, v. 19, n. 1, 1999.
RIESSMAN, C. K. Looking back, looking forward. In: ______. Narrative Methods for Human Sciences. Los Angeles: Sage, 2008.
RIESSMAN, C. K. Narrative Analysis. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993.
SAID, E. W. Orientalism. London: Penguin, 2003[1978].
SANDMEYER, E. C. The anti-chinese movement in California. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
SANTOS, M. Metamorfoses do Espaço Habitado. 5. ed. São Paulo: HUCITEC, 1997.
SANTOS, M. O Brasil: território e sociedade no início do século XXI (in collaboration with Maria Laura Silveira). Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2001.
SCHIEFFELIN, B. B. The give and take of everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
SIMMEL, G. A metrópole e a vida mental. In: VELHO, O. G. (ed.). O fenômeno urbano. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores, 1973[1903].
TANNEN, D.; WALLAT, C. Interactive Frames and Knowledge Schemas in Interaction: Examples from a Medical Examination/Interview. Social Psychology Quarterly, v.50, n.2, jun. 1987, pp. 205-216.
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION. Intercultural Competences: conceptual and operational framework. Paris: UNESCO, 2013. Retrieved from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002197/219768e.pdf. Accessed on: 19 jan. 2018.
WALTER, R. Afro-América: diálogos literários na diáspora negra das Américas. Recife: Bagaço, 2009.
WOLF, H.-G.; POLZENHAGEN, F. Cognitive Sociolinguistics in L2-variety dictionaries of English. In: PUTZ, M.; ROBINSON, J. A.; REIF, M. (eds.). Cognitive Sociolinguistics: social and cultural variation in cognition and language use. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014.
WORTHOM, S.; RHODES, C. Narrative across speech events. In: DE FINA, A.; GEORGAKOPOULOU, A. (eds.). The Handbook of Narrative Analysis. Malden (MA): John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2015.
BASTOS, L. C. Contando estórias em contextos espontâneos e institucionais – uma introdução ao estudo da narrativa. Calidoscópio, v. 3, n. 2, pp. 74-87, 2005.
BASTOS, L. C. Diante do sofrimento do outro – narrativas de profissionais de saúde em reuniões de trabalho. Caleidoscópio, v. 6, n. 2, pp. 76-85, mai/ago 2008.
BASTOS, L. C.; BIAR, L. A. Análise de narrativa e práticas de entendimento da vida social. DELTA [online], vol.31, n.spe, pp. 97-126, 2015.
BIAR, L. de A. Realmente as autoridades veio a me transformar nisso: narrativas de adesão ao tráfico e a construção discursiva do desvio. Doctoral dissertation (PhD in Language Studies) – Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2012.
BLOMMAERT, J. Contexto é/como crítica. In: SIGNORINI, I. (ed.) Situar a lingua(gem). São Paulo: Parábola, 2008.
BLOMMAERT, J.; DONG, J. After fieldwork. In: _____. Ethnographic fieldwork: a beginner’s guide. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2010.
BUTLER, J. Gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge, 1990.
CARGER, C. The art of narrative inquiry: embracing emotion and seeing transformation. In: PHILLION, J.; HE, M.F.; CONNELLY, F.M. (eds.). Narrative and experience in multicultural education. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2005.
CAVAN, J. S. A cross-cultural narrative inquiry into language, culture, and identity development of three high school female immigrant students and their mainstream schooling experience in Atlanta, Georgia. Doctoral dissertation (PhD in Education) – Georgia Southern University, Atlanta, 2006.
CLANDININ, D.; CONNELLY, F.M. Narrative inquiry: experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
CORTAZZI, M.; JIN, L. Evaluating evaluation in narrative. In: HUNSTON, S.; THOMPSON, G. Evaluation in text: authorial stance and the construction of discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
CUMMINGS, P. J. ; WOLF, H-G. A Dictionary of Hong Kong English: words from the fragrant harbour. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011.
CZEPULA, K. Os indesejáveis chins: a imigração chinesa nas páginas do jornal a Gazeta de Notícias (1879). In: Anais do XXIII Encontro Regional de História da ANPUH-SP. São Paulo: ANPUH-SP, 2016. pp. 1-13.
DE FINA, A. Identity in Narrative: a study of immigrant discourse. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2003.
DE FINA, A.; TSENG, A. Narrative in the study of migrants. In: CANAGARAJAH, S. The Routledge handbook of migration and language. New York: Routledge, 2017.
DENZIN, N.; LINCOLN, Y. Introduction: entering the field of qualitative research. In: _____. The landscape of qualitative research: theories and issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 1999.
DYATLOV, V. Chinese migrants and anti-Chinese sentiments in Russian society. In: BILLÉ, F.; DELAPLACE, G.; HUMPHREY, C. (Eds.). Frontier Encounters: knowledge and practice at the Russian, Chinese and Mongolian border. Open Book Publishers, 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vjss5.8. Accessed on: 19 Jan. 2018.
DYER, J.; KELLER-COHEN, D. The discursive construction of professional self through narratives of personal experience. Discourse Studies, v. 2, n. 3, 2000.
GARCEZ, P.M. A perspectiva da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica sobre o uso da linguagem em interação social. In: LODER, L.L.; JUNG, N. (eds.). Fala-em-interação social: uma introdução à Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica. Campinas: Mercado de Letras, 2008.
GEORGAKOPOULOU, A. Small stories and social media practices: narrative stancetaking and circulation in a Greek news story. Sociolinguistica, v. 27, 2013.
GOFFMAN, E. Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1963.
GREENE, M. Releasing the imagination: essays on education, the arts, and social change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1995.
GRUMET, M. The politics of personal knowledge. In: WITHERELL, C; NODDINGS, N. (eds.). Stories lives tell: narrative and dialogue in education. New York: Teachers College Press, 1991.
GUMPERZ, J. Contextualization conventions. In: ______. Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
LABOV, W. The transformation of experience in narrative syntax. In: ______. Language in the inner city. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1972.
LABOV, W.; WALETZKY, J. Narrative analysis: oral versions of personal experience. In: HELM, J. (ed.). Essays on the verbal and visual arts. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1997[1967].
NORRICK, N. Contextualizing and recontextualizing interlaced stories in conversation. In: THORNBORROW, J.; COATES, J. The sociolinguistics of Narrative. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2005.
OCHS, E.; CAPPS, L. Living Narrative: creating lives in everyday storytelling. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2001.
OLIVEIRA, T. Educação e ascensão social: performances narrativas de alunos da rede pública federal na Baixada Fluminense. Doctoral dissertation (PhD in Language Studies) – Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2012.
PASTOR, A. M. R.; DE FINA, A. Contesting social place: narratives of language conflict. In: BAYNHAM, M.; DE FINA, A. (eds.). Dislocation/Relocations. Narratives of Displacement. Manchester, UK: St Jerome, 2005.
PEIXOTO, Rafaela Araújo Jordão Rigaud. Avaliação projetada no discurso de chineses e de brasileiros: simulacros culturais. Doctoral dissertation (PhD in Letters / Language Studies) – Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2019.
REVUZ, C. A língua estrangeira entre o desejo de um outro lugar e o risco do exílio. In: SIGNORINI, I. (ed.). Língua(gem) e identidade. São Paulo: Mercado de Letras, 1998.
RICHARDS, K. Working towards common understanding: collaborative interaction in staffroom stories. Text, v. 19, n. 1, 1999.
RIESSMAN, C. K. Looking back, looking forward. In: ______. Narrative Methods for Human Sciences. Los Angeles: Sage, 2008.
RIESSMAN, C. K. Narrative Analysis. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993.
SAID, E. W. Orientalism. London: Penguin, 2003[1978].
SANDMEYER, E. C. The anti-chinese movement in California. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
SANTOS, M. Metamorfoses do Espaço Habitado. 5. ed. São Paulo: HUCITEC, 1997.
SANTOS, M. O Brasil: território e sociedade no início do século XXI (in collaboration with Maria Laura Silveira). Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2001.
SCHIEFFELIN, B. B. The give and take of everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
SIMMEL, G. A metrópole e a vida mental. In: VELHO, O. G. (ed.). O fenômeno urbano. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores, 1973[1903].
TANNEN, D.; WALLAT, C. Interactive Frames and Knowledge Schemas in Interaction: Examples from a Medical Examination/Interview. Social Psychology Quarterly, v.50, n.2, jun. 1987, pp. 205-216.
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION. Intercultural Competences: conceptual and operational framework. Paris: UNESCO, 2013. Retrieved from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002197/219768e.pdf. Accessed on: 19 jan. 2018.
WALTER, R. Afro-América: diálogos literários na diáspora negra das Américas. Recife: Bagaço, 2009.
WOLF, H.-G.; POLZENHAGEN, F. Cognitive Sociolinguistics in L2-variety dictionaries of English. In: PUTZ, M.; ROBINSON, J. A.; REIF, M. (eds.). Cognitive Sociolinguistics: social and cultural variation in cognition and language use. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014.
WORTHOM, S.; RHODES, C. Narrative across speech events. In: DE FINA, A.; GEORGAKOPOULOU, A. (eds.). The Handbook of Narrative Analysis. Malden (MA): John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2015.