BOTS EM REDES SOCIAIS

DESAFIOS TEÓRICOS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS PARA AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS

  • Amanda Freitas Universidade de São Paulo
Palavras-chave: Redes Sociais, Bots Políticos, Ciências Sociais, Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Resumo

Com o crescente papel das redes sociais, crescem discussões sobre as implicações sociais e políticas de bots. O presente trabalho buscou sistematizar o que cientistas sociais trabalhando interdisciplinarmente com cientistas da computação desenvolveram sobre os desafios deste fenômeno para o campo. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura e análise bibliométrica com um corpus de 442 artigos, e uma análise qualitativa dos resumos dos 40 artigos mais citados, que fundamentaram uma discussão substantiva sobre o fenômeno. Os resultados são apresentados na forma de redes bibliométricas geradas com o VOSViewer e na forma de conclusões em dimensões teórica, ética, normativa e metodológica. Entre os resultados, aponta-se a necessidade de clareza sobre limites das tecnologias de bots, sua autonomia e efeitos concretos na comunicação com usuários humanos antes de apontar diagnósticos e prognósticos catastróficos. A falta de métodos confiáveis de detecção e de desenhos de pesquisa que deem conta de dados em tempo real são alguns dos obstáculos. Bots distorcem o debate público em diversas frentes: simulando a existência de comunidades virtuais forjadas; reverberando discursos de ódio e notícias falsas ou informações de baixa qualidade; sentimentalmente, mobilizando afetos dos usuários, gerando ambientes de atrito e polarização; e por meio de redes de influência, impulsionando personalidades ligadas à extrema-direita e grupos de ódio, e ofuscando mídias tradicionais e experts na plataforma. As ciências sociais são cruciais para compreensão de como bots têm transformado o comportamento de indivíduos/cidadãos, na proposição de novos projetos de lei que dêem conta das implicações legais ainda desconhecidas do uso de bots e na responsabilização de empresas de plataforma neste fenômeno essencialmente interdisciplinar.

Biografia do Autor

Amanda Freitas, Universidade de São Paulo
Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política na Universidade de São Paulo. Bacharela em Ciências Sociais pela Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo.

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Publicado
2024-03-18
Como Citar
Freitas, A. (2024). BOTS EM REDES SOCIAIS: DESAFIOS TEÓRICOS E CONSEQUÊNCIAS PARA AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS. Perspectivas Sociais, 9(02), 31-57. https://doi.org/10.15210/rps.v9i02.26611