Conexões Atlânticas e Persistências Indígenas: Uma Perspectiva da California
Resumo
Resumo: Embora a Califórnia se situe na costa do Pacífico da América do Norte, a sua história colonial tem laços duradouros com o Atlântico. Este artigo examina a arqueologia destas conexões atlânticas com uma consideração dos impactos da colonização euro-americana e da persistência indígena. As primeiras explorações europeias da região começaram no século XVI, quando a região foi reivindicada tanto pela Inglaterra como pela Espanha, mas os contatos com as comunidades indígenas californianas foram isolados e de curta duração. Mais tarde, no século XVIII, os missionários que trabalhavam para a Coroa Espanhola estabeleceram uma rede de missões através da Califórnia e da península da Baja California. Embora as missões tenham tido impacto em quase todas os aspectos da vida indígena, evidências arqueológicas e históricas demonstram como os nativos conseguiram manter suas tradições culturais e laços com seus lugares ancestrais. Depois dos Estados Unidos terem ganho o controle da Califórnia em meados do século XIX, as pessoas nativas californianas enfrentaram novos desafios, incluindo a violência dirigida em muitas partes da região. Apesar dos desafios metodológicos, as abordagens arqueológicas emergentes proporcionam uma visão de como os povos indígenas perseveraram dentro dessas situações de mudança e como podemos honrar a persistência indígena atualmente. Abstract: Although California lies on the Pacific Coast of North America, its colonial history has enduring ties to the Atlantic. This paper examines the archaeology of these Atlantic connections with a consideration of the impacts of Euroamerican colonization and Indigenous persistence. The first European explorations of the region began in the sixteenth century, when the region was claimed by both England and Spain, but the contacts with Native Californian communities were isolated and of short duration. Later, in the eighteenth century, missionaries working for the Spanish Crown established a network of missions across California and the Baja California peninsula. Although the missions impacted nearly all areas of Indigenous life, archaeological and historical evidence demonstrates how Native people managed to maintain cultural traditions and ties to their ancestral homelands. After the United States gained control of California in the mid-nineteenth century, Native Californians faced new challenges including directed violence in many parts of the region. Despite methodological challenges, emerging archaeological approaches are providing insight into how Native people persevered under these changing conditions and how we can honor Indigenous persistence in the present day.Referências
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