O PROGRAMA DE PESQUISA DA ECOLOGIA HISTÓRICA

William Balée

doi:10.15210/lepaarq.v14i28.12675

William Balée Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Tulane, Nova Orleans, Louisiana 70118.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15210/lepaarq.v14i28.12675

Palavras-chave: Postulados Centrais, Transformação da Paisagem, Contingência Histórica, Distúrbios Humanos Mediados, Diversidade de Espécies, Invasões Biológicas

Resumo

Resumo: Ecologia histórica é um novo programa de pesquisa interdisciplinar relacionado à compreensão das dimensões temporal e espacial nas relações das sociedades humanas com o seu ambiente local e os efeitos globais cumulativos dessas relações. Ecologia histórica contém postulados centrais que se referem a tipos qualitativos de alterações humano-mediadas dos ambientes naturais e seus efeitos na diversidade das espécies, entre outros parâmetros. Um termo central usado em ecologia histórica para situar comportamento humano e agência no ambiente é a paisagem, como derivado da geografia histórica, e não ao contrário de ecossistema, o qual provém de sistemas ecológicos. Ecologia histórica é similar à teoria dinâmica de não-equilíbrio, no entanto difere, no seu postulado, de alteração humano-mediada como um princípio de transformação da paisagem. Tais alterações, contra intuitivamente, podem envolver sucessão antropogênica primária e secundária que resultam em incremento líquido de diversidade alfa e beta. Ecologia histórica aplicada pode suprir as condições referenciais de profundidade temporal e conhecimento tradicional para restaurar paisagens pretéritas.Abstract:Historical ecology is a new interdisciplinary research program concerned with comprehending temporal and spatial dimensions in the relationships of human societies to local environments and the cumulative global effects of these relationships. Historical ecology contains core postulates that concern qualitative types of humanmediateddisturbanceofnaturalenvironmentsandtheeffectofthese on species diversity, among other parameters. A central term used in historical ecology to situate human behavior and agency in the environment is the landscape, as derived from historical geography, instead of the ecosystem, which is from systems ecology. Historical ecology is similar to nonequilibrium dynamic theory, but differs in its postulate of human-mediated disturbance as a principle of landscape transformation. Such disturbances counterintuitively may involve anthropogenic primary and secondary succession that result in net increases of alpha and even beta diversity. Applied historical ecology can supply the reference conditions of time depth and traditional knowledge to restore past landscapes.

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