CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO À COMPREENSÃO DAS PRÁTICAS SOCIAIS EM ANTRACOLOGIA: GESTÃO E USO DA LENHA EM SOCIEDADES PRÉ-HISTÓRICAS
Resumo
Resumo: O desenvolvimento de abordagens socioeconômicos aplicadas à antracologia permitiu abordar temas relacionados com a utilização e gestão da lenha. Estudos etnográficos nos lembram que os critérios segundo os quais uma sociedade escolhe sua lenha não podem ser reduzidos a uma seleção taxonômica "simples": outras características, tais como o diâmetro ou o estado da madeira (verde, seco, podre) são pelo menos tão importante quanto a espécie. Este artigo apresenta uma síntese das recentes ferramentas desenvolvidas para aumentar o potencial da antracologia para o estudo dos usos e gestão de lenha. Experimentos de laboratório padronizados sobre amostras de pinheiro silvestre (Pinus sylvestris), combinando forno mufla e combustões em lareira aberta, permitiram propor novos métodos para identificar o diâmetro e o estado da madeira com base em assinaturas anatômicas. Graças a estes métodos, é possível contribuir para um melhor conhecimento das tradições técnicas ligadas ao uso do fogo, desde a coleta de madeira até fogueiras especializadas, a partir de amostras de carvão arqueológicas.Abstract: The development of socioeconomic approaches applied to charcoal analysis has made it possible to focus on topics related to firewood use and management. Ethnographic studies remind us that the criteria according to which a society chooses its firewood cannot be reduced to a “simple” taxonomic selection: other characteristics, such as the diameter or the state of the wood (i.e. green, seasoned, rotten) are at least as important as the species. The framework of this paper is to present a synthesis of recent tools developed to improve the potential of charcoal analysis for the study of firewood uses and management. Standardized laboratory experiments on Scot Pine (Pinus sylvestris) combining both muffle furnace and open fireplace combustions allowed proposing new methods of identifying the diameter and the state of the wood based on anatomical signatures. Thanks to these methods, it becomes possible to contribute to a better knowledge of the technical traditions linked to the use of fire, from wood gathering to specialized hearths on archaeological charcoal samples.Downloads
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