The Siege of Antwerp of 1914: Strategy, Defense, and Fall of a European Fortress
Abstract
Abstract: This article examines the Siege of Antwerp, carried out between September 28 and October 10, 1914, during the first months of the First World War, focusing on a military-historical analysis of the operation. It seeks to understand the siege’s impact on the evolution of defense and siege strategies in modern warfare, highlighting the role of German heavy artillery, the performance of Belgian forces in protecting the city, and the interaction with Allied units, especially the British Royal Naval Division. The study adopts an approach based on primary sources, including military reports, official correspondence, and contemporary accounts, complemented by recent historiographical research. By situating the siege within the broader context of the German offensive on the Western Front and Belgian resistance, the article discusses both the tactical and strategic implications of the operation, underscoring the limitations of static fortifications in the face of emerging artillery technologies and Antwerp's importance as an element of political and moral symbolism. This work contributes to the understanding of the interaction between technological innovation, strategic decision-making, and national resistance in early 20th-century conflicts.
Keywords: Siege of Antwerp; First World War; heavy artillery; military strategy.