The PALOP Facing the Current Systemic Crisis: Between Resilience, Vulnerabilities, and Potentialities

Abstract

Abstract: The article examines the Portuguese-speaking African Countries (PALOP) within the context of the 50th anniversary of their independence (1973-1975), analyzing their historical trajectories, vulnerabilities, and potentialities. Each country followed a distinct path following independence: Angola and Mozambique faced prolonged civil wars, while Cape Verde consolidated a stable democracy. Guinea-Bissau and São Tomé and Príncipe contended with political instability and coups. In the post-Cold War period, the PALOP implemented political and economic reforms, such as multiparty systems and structural adjustments, yielding varied results. Cape Verde distinguished itself through development and international partnerships, whereas Angola emerged as a regional power due to resources such as oil and diamonds. Mozambique faces armed conflicts, such as in Cabo Delgado, and challenges regarding inequality. Guinea-Bissau remains unstable, and São Tomé and Príncipe awaits the exploitation of oil reserves. Vulnerabilities include institutional fragility, corruption, and social inequality. Regarding potentialities, strategic geographic positions, natural resources, multilateral diplomacy (CPLP, AU), and cultural soft power are highlighted. The article concludes that, despite the challenges, the PALOP demonstrate resilience and opportunities for a promising future, reinforcing their role in the international system.

Keywords: Angola, Brazil, Independence, Bilateral Relations, Political Pragmatism.