Towards a Philosophical Approach to Modern and Contemporary Political Philosophy: The Relationship Between State and Freedom

Abstract

Abstract: Political philosophy, as a critical reflection on power, the State, justice, and the organization of collective life, occupies a central place in understanding modern and contemporary societies. From modernity, marked by the rupture with the medieval order, to current debates on democracy, human rights, and biopolitics, political philosophy offers fundamental conceptual tools for interpreting and evaluating the challenges of the present world. Therefore, the objective of this article is to contextualize modern and contemporary political philosophy, analyzing contrasts and contributions of this field today. Through a qualitative approach and exploratory research, it seeks to answer the following questions: to what extent has political philosophy contributed to the understanding of modern and contemporary societies today? In the present day, marked by democratic crises, global inequalities, technological advances, and identity disputes, modern and contemporary political philosophy offers indispensable tools for critical reflection. It allows us to question forms of power, rethink social justice, strengthen democratic practices, and understand the limits and possibilities of political action. Therefore, a philosophical approach to political philosophy is not merely a theoretical exercise, but an essential contribution to critical thinking and the construction of more just, free, and pluralistic societies.

Keywords: Political Philosophy; Modern; Contemporary.